Trade misinvoicing is one of the several facets of Illicit Financial Flows (IFFs). According to ECA’s latest estimates, Africa is losing $73 billion annually through trade misinvoicing alone making it the most important channel for IFFs from Africa. In addition, as identified in the Report of the High-Level Panel on Illicit Financial Flows from Africa, abusive transfer pricing is a major source of IFFs from Africa (African Union and ECA, 2015). IFFs, including trade misinvoicing and abusive transfer pricing divert resources from social development and raise serious problems for financing development in Africa. They also undermine governance, hamper structural transformation and affect overall economic activity. These risks have been recognized in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, specifically in target 16.4 of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16. The Addis Ababa Action Agenda on financing for development also calls for redoubling of efforts to substantially reduce IFFs by 2030.