This project aims to help governments transform and re-orient their economies to be more equitable and sustainable in line with the SDGs and the approach loosely known as a Green New Deal, during what the UN called a “Decade of Action”. Its broad thrust was designed before Covid-19 but proved prescient, as it stems from how a shock in the natural world can impact on the economic, human and financial worlds. Coping strategies of social distancing and lockdown forced these concerns onto centre-stage for all countries, but they were already there: half the SDGs aim for structural transformation in fairer, greener and more sustainable ways, and TDR2019 showed how development finance institutions could help achieve this. We cannot say the UN predicted coronavirus, but we were already looking for ways to avert something like it. Hence the project is incredibly timely and will contribute to global efforts to “build back better” after Covid-19. Informed by UN publications and discussion forums during 2020, it uses theory and country case-studies to share experiences on how finance and industrial policy can work together to go beyond Relief to Resilience and Transformation. It focuses on public financial institutions as these did the heavy lifting of 2020 and must do even more going forward. It aims to identify effective and innovative ways to support DFIs and to better harness with private finance and industrial policy. The project will be implemented by UNCTAD in collaboration with ESCAP, ECLAC, UN Women, ILO and UNEP.